Computer Science's Digest Volume 1

This series is dedicated to the students of the Systems Department, to give them reading material related to computer science in a second language. This book covers the Introduction to Computer Science, Computer Communications, Networking and Web Applications

La experiencia de la aplicación de un modelo de acreditación de carreras en Chile (2000 – 2007)

This work is made from the academics views considered "key players" in five higher education institutions in the region of Valparaiso (Chile), for having participated with different degrees of responsibility in accreditation processes of degree careers in education, both public and private universities. After a brief contextualization of the development and characterization of the accreditation model adopted in Chile at the level of institutions and courses, analyses their views from different experiences and views about studied institutions accreditation processes, evaluation criteria, the concept of quality used and the expectations concerning the improvement of the teaching careers. Finally, raised some proposals in order to refine this evaluative process, in response to the reality of our institutions. Keywords Accreditation; careers evaluation; quality; higher educationEste trabajo se elabora a partir de las opiniones de académicos considerados “actores claves” dentro de cinco instituciones de educación superior de la región de Valparaíso (Chile), por haber participado con diferentes grados de responsabilidad en procesos de acreditación de carreras de Licenciatura en educación, tanto en universidades públicas y privadas. Luego de una breve contextualización del desarrollo y caracterización del Modelo de Acreditación adoptado en Chile a nivel de instituciones y de carreras, se analizan sus opiniones desde distintas experiencias y visiones acerca de los procesos de acreditación en las instituciones estudiadas, los criterios de evaluación, la concepción de calidad utilizada y las expectativas respecto al mejoramiento de las carreras pedagógicas. Finalmente, se plantean algunas propuestas en orden a perfeccionar este proceso evaluativo, atendiendo a la realidad de nuestras institucione

El lenguaje de los media, una opci?n para implementar la capacidad lexica-ling??stica

126 p. Recurso Electr?nico?El lenguaje de los media, una opci?n para incrementar la capacidad l?xica - ling??stica. Un estudio de comprensi?n sobre fen?menos orales en el territorio escolar desde el proceso etnometodol?gico con estudiantes de segundo del Colegio Esp?ritu Santo Marianistas?, hace parte del trabajo que desarrolla el Semillero Lenguaje y Territorio Escolar. La investigaci?n toma la etnometodolog?a para describir y comprender los fen?menos orales que circulan en el territorio escolar, y a partir de ello, se realizara una propuesta pedag?gica y did?ctica para ampliar la capacidad l?xica ? ling??stica desde el lenguaje mediatizado, donde los mass media se constituyen en una parte importante de nuestra sociedad, de la informaci?n, del ocio, y como reflejo del mundo en el que vivimos. Las representaciones sociales se asumen como un tipo de conocimiento para interpretar comportamientos humanos en un espacio particular, permite hacer presente en la mente hechos de la vida cotidiana. La cultura escolar, es din?mica, construida desde la cotidianidad; trasciende el aula de clases y el contexto. La territorialidad se relaciona con lo espacial-temporal, lo material, lo simb?lico, las din?micas y relaciones sociales territoriales. Aqu? se hace referencia a la producci?n textual de los estudiantes y a la capacidad de preparaci?n en el discurso oral; en general, el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de las habilidades comunicativas que permitan superar dificultades en los comportamientos del habla dentro del contexto escolar. Las escuelas no reconocen sus espacios como parte de un territorio, excepto cuando se trata de malas noticias. Por lo tanto es pertinente investigar ?C?mo operan en la pr?ctica cotidiana, las diferentes representaciones sociales que se constituyen en un escenario de cultura escolar y c?mo los procesos sociales generan a su vez las territorialidades de la escuela y la construcci?n de comunidad educativa? El colegio, ofrece variedad de escenarios, con posibilidad para recrear diferentes acciones que potencialicen el conocimiento del ni?o. A pesar de esto, se encontr? con que la mayor parte del tiempo, los ni?os poco acceso tienen a estos lugares y posiblemente el uso inadecuado de algunas palabras, sea la respuesta a ese estado de quietud; teniendo en cuenta que son ni?os muy peque?os y requieren de variedad no solo en estrategias pedag?gicas sino en lugares que propicien su conocimiento. Se observa entonces que son muchos los ni?os que poseen aparatos electr?nicos que desde casa no son supervisados a la hora de utilizarlos y es all? cuando acceden a contenidos, quiz?, poco apropiados donde su lenguaje no cumple con las expectativas para su corta edad. Este proyecto aplica una serie de herramientas que evidenciaron el siguiente problema: ?C?mo interpretar fen?menos orales en el territorio escolar del Colegio ESP?RITU SANTO MARIANISTAS de Girardot desde el proceso etnometodol?gico para aumentar la capacidad del vocabulario y la fluidez ling??stica de los estudiantes del grado segundo? La investigaci?n es una mirada a la escuela desde el estudio etnometodol?gico para comprender y aportar a la comprensi?n de los fen?menos orales. En el ejercicio investigativo se busca develar la realidad aparente y as? fortalecer los procesos pedag?gicos con la participaci?n activa de los estamentos educativos en la cotidianidad escolar. El territorio de observaci?n y de proyecci?n fue el Colegio Esp?ritu Santo Marianistas del municipio de Girardot, Colombia, A?o 2012-2014, y se cont? con el apoyo de los estudiantes del grado 2?; y el aporte del semillero de Investigaci?n Lenguaje y Territorio Escolar."The language of the media, an option to increase vocabulary skills - language. A study of oral understanding phenomena in the school grounds from the ethnomethodological process with second graders from Esp?ritu Santo Marianistas School, "is part of the work that the Seed School Language and Territory. The research takes ethnomethodology to describe and understand the oral phenomena circulating in the school grounds, and from this, a pedagogical and didactic proposal to extend the vocabulary skills is conduct - language from the mediated language, where the mass media constitute an important part of our society, information, entertainment, and as a reflection of the world in which we live. Social representations are assumed to be a kind of knowledge to interpret human behavior in a particular space, allows this in mind facts of everyday life. The school culture is dynamic, built from everyday life; transcends the classroom and context. Territoriality is related to the spatial-temporal, material, symbolic, territorial dynamics and social relations. This reference to the textual production of students and preparedness capabilities in oral discourse is; in general, the development and strengthening of communication skills to overcome difficulties in speech behavior within the school context. Schools do not recognize their spaces as part of a territory, except when it comes to bad news. Therefore it is pertinent to investigate How operate in everyday practice, different social representations that constitute a scenario of school culture and how social processes generate turn territorialities school and school community building? The school offers a variety of scenarios, with the possibility to recreate different actions potentializing the child's knowledge. Despite this, he found that most of the time, children have little access to these places and possibly improper use of certain words, it is the response to that state of stillness; considering that children are very small and require not only variety in teaching strategies but in places that foster knowledge. Is then observed that many children have at home electronics that are not supervised when using them and that is when accessing content, perhaps unsuitable where language does not meet the expectations for his young age. This project uses a number of tools that showed the following problem: How to interpret oral phenomena in the school territory of the Esp?ritu Santo Marianistas Girardot College from ethnomethodological process to increase the ability of vocabulary and language proficiency of second graders? The research is a look at the school from the ethnomethodological study to understand and contribute to the understanding of oral phenomena. The research is being made to unravel the apparent reality and thus strengthen the educational process with the active participation of the educational institutions in school every day. The territory of observation and projection was the Esp?ritu Santo Marianistas College Township Girardot, Colombia, Year 2012-2014, and had the support of the 2nd graders; and the contribution of seedlings Language School Research and Planning

SAgric-IoT: an IoT-based platform and deep learning for greenhouse monitoring

The Internet of Things (IoT) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) integration is a growing topic of interest for researchers as a technology that will contribute to transforming agriculture. IoT will enable farmers to decide and act based on data collected from sensor nodes regarding field conditions and not purely based on experience, thus minimizing the wastage of supplies (seeds, water, pesticide, and fumigants). On the other hand, CNN complements monitoring systems with tasks such as the early detection of crop diseases or predicting the number of consumable resources and supplies (water, fertilizers) needed to increase productivity. This paper proposes SAgric-IoT, a technology platform based on IoT and CNN for precision agriculture, to monitor environmental and physical variables and provide early disease detection while automatically controlling the irrigation and fertilization in greenhouses. The results show SAgric-IoT is a reliable IoT platform with a low packet loss level that considerably reduces energy consumption and has a disease identification detection accuracy and classification process of over 90%

About detectability and limits of detection in single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) offers unique features for the detection of particles, as well as for their quantification and size characterization. The detection capabilities of SP-ICP-MS are therefore not only limited to the concentration domains (of particles and dissolved related species), but also to the mass of element per particle and particle size domains. Discrimination and detection of particle events, based on the use of robust limits of decision (also known as critical values), and the estimation of the limits of detection in the different domains, require standardized metrological approaches that have not been clearly established yet. As a consequence, harmonized approaches and expressions to allow reliable comparisons between methods and instruments, as well as to process SP-ICP-MS data, are required. This paper is an attempt to summarize and review the different approaches applied up to now in relation to the detectability in SP-ICP-MS, and highlight the peculiarities of this topic in SP-ICP-MS. A holistic approach with criteria and expressions for the estimation of the different critical values and limits of detection in terms of the different instrumental and experimental parameters involved is proposed. Additionally, a calculation tool for estimating and predicting critical values and limits of detection under different experimental conditions is also included

Reemplazo ureteral con apéndice cecal

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloWe report two cases with ureteral lesions. A 34 years male with a residual retroperitoneal mass caused by a testicular cancer, that persisted after chemotherapy. During the surgical excision of the mass, the involvement of the right ureter was discovered. A 43 years old female with a left ureteral lesion secondary to radiation therapy and with a non-functioning contralateral kidney. In both cases a ureteral replacement with the cecal appendix was performed, without surgical complications. After five years of follow up, the urinary tract of the male patient is normal. The female patient required an endoscopic incision of the connection between the appendix and the urinary bladder, eight years after the surgical procedure. Three years after the endoscopic procedure the repaired urinary tract is in good conditions.Objetivo: Presentar dos casos de reemplazo ureteral con apéndice cecal y revisar la literatura relacionada al tema. Material y Método: Presentamos dos casos de lesión ureteral. Un paciente de 34 años con masa retroperitoneal residual post quimioterapia englobando el uréter derecho, secundaria a un tumor testicular, y una paciente de 43 años monorrena funcional con lesión ureteral izquierda actínica. Resultados: En ambos casos se realizó un reemplazo ureteral, derecho e izquierdo, sin complicaciones intraoperatorias. El seguimiento alejado a 5 y 11 años muestra indemnidad de la vía urinaria. Conclusión: Estos 2 casos, con seguimiento prolongado, apoyan la factibilidad del uso del apéndice cecal como variante para el reemplazo ureteral en lesiones extensas.http://ref.scielo.org/n85xn

Bilateral laparoscopic synchronous adrenalectomy in bilateral pheochromocytoma: experience in 8 patients

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloAim: To evaluate 8 cases of bilateral pheochromocytoma and laparoscopic synchronous treatment. Patients and Methods: From May 1999 to May 2010, 8 patients with bilateral pheochromocytoma were found. A complete preoperative workup was done. Results: We perform 8 transperitoneal laparoscopic bilateral synchronous adrenalectomy. There was no open converted procedure. Mean operative time was 184.37 min. (range 95 to 300 min). Mean hospital stay was 3.8 days (range 3 to 5 days). Mean blood loss was 191.25 ml (range 0 to 500 min). In 7 cases the histopathological result was of pheochromocytoma and 1 as a malignant pheochomocytoma based on its histology. Conclusions: With very well establish diagnostic disease, an appropriate anesthetic strategy and as surgical skills, laparoscopic bilateral synchronic adrenalectomy is a feasible and safe surgical technique for bilateral pheochromocytomas.Introducción: La incidencia del feocromocitoma varía entre un 0,005 y un 0,1% y de estos sólo un 10% se presenta en forma bilateral. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra experiencia en adrenalectomía laparoscópica bilateral sincrónica en pacientes con diagnóstico de feocromocitoma bilateral. Se revisa la literatura y se analizan nuestros resultados. Material y Métodos: Se realiza una revisión retrospectiva de todos los pacientes sometidos a una adrenelectomía laparoscópica bilateral sincrónica entre mayo de 1999 y mayo de 2010, con diagnóstico de un feocromocitoma bilateral. Todos los pacientes fueron estudiados con medición de catecolaminas plasmáticas y urinarias y estudio por imágenes. Resultados: Se realizaron 8 adrenelectomías laparoscópicas bilaterales sincrónicas. El tiempo promedio de cirugía fue de 184 min (rango 95-300 min). La estadía intrahospitalaria media fue de 3,8 días (rango de 3-5 días). El promedio de sangrado fue de 83 ml (rango 0-500 ml). El diagnóstico histopatológico fue de feocromocitoma en todas las muestras, en un caso se diagnosticó un feocromocitoma maligno. No hubo conversión a cirugía abierta. Conclusiones: La adrene-lectomía laparoscópica bilateral sincrónica para feocromocitomas bilaterales es un procedimiento seguro y de baja morbilidad, realizada por un cirujano con experiencia en cirugía laparoscópica. Es necesario tener previamente el diagnóstico de certeza para el manejo anestésico y postquirúrgico adecuado para estos pacientes.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-40262011000600005&nrm=is

Modified Intracellular-Associated Phenotypes in a Recombinant Salmonella Typhi Expressing S. Typhimurium SPI-3 Sequences

A bioinformatics comparison of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 3 sequences from S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium serovars showed that ten genes are highly conserved. However three of them are pseudogenes in S. Typhi. Our aim was to understand what functions are lost in S. Typhi due to pseudogenes by constructing a S. Typhi genetic hybrid carrying the SPI-3 region of S. Typhimurium instead of its own SPI-3. We observed that under stressful conditions the hybrid strain showed a clear impairment in resistance to hydrogen peroxide and decreased survival within U937 culture monocytes. We hypothesized that the marT-fidL operon, encoded in SPI-3, was responsible for the new phenotypes because marT is a pseudogen in S. Typhi and has a demonstrated role as a transcriptional regulator in S. Typhimurium. Therefore we cloned and transferred the S. Typhimurium marT-fidL operon into S. Typhi and confirmed that invasion of monocytes was dramatically decreased. Finally, our findings suggest that the genomic and functional differences between SPI-3 sequences have implications in the host specificity of Typhi and Typhimurium serovars